Navy SEALs from Naval Special Warfare Group 2 prepare for exfil during a capabilities exercise. Photo by Marty Skovlund, Jr./Coffee or Die.
This article was originally published Aug. 4, 2020, on
We Are The Mighty.
By Blake Stilwell
In the wake of
Eagle Claw, the disastrous mission to rescue American hostages in Iran in 1979,
President Carter and then-Defense Secretary Harold Brown ordered the U.S.
military to form what would become the Joint Special Operations Command,
or JSOC. Much of the failure of Eagle Claw was due to the inability of the
services to work together on specialized missions which required
interoperability between branches. The Defense Department wanted to
guarantee it would not repeat such fiascos during operations where failure
would not be an option.
This year, author and counterterrorism reporter Sean Naylor published
Relentless Strike: The Secret History of Joint Special Operations
Command, recounting the history and organization of this most secretive military
group, from before Eagle Claw to the units in place today. It features
inside stories on recent famous ops, including the raid in Pakistan which
resulted in the death of Osama bin Laden and the rescue of Captain Richard
Phillips from Somali pirates in the Indian Ocean. It also contains stories
behind the other successes and some of the failures of the organization,
all of which are fascinating reads. Here are eight more interesting
tidbits from Naylor’s book:
1. Two helicopters ran out of ammo while fighting the Taliban, then
switched to small arms
In the early days of the Afghan War, two MH-6 “Little Bird” pilots hit a
Taliban column of armored personnel carriers and T-55 tanks with their
onboard .50 caliber guns and rockets. They then run into a truck full of
Taliban fighters. The remaining Taliban personnel attempted to flee on
foot into the desert. The helicopters, now out of ammunition, pulled out
their personal M-4 rifles and grenades and engaged the fleeing fighters
from their pilot seats.
The fighters would try to split up to escape the helicopters, but they
kept flying a “wagon wheel” formation, with the pilot in the left seat
firing at the enemy in the middle, dropping grenades forcing them back
into the circle.
2. JSOC used homemade bombs on insurgents, which looked like an
insurgent-made bomb
It was called the “Xbox” and it was used to take out insurgents who
received political protection from the Iraqi government, then led by
Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. Maliki protected Shia insurgents, who
provided money and materiel to jihadis and militia in Iraq from Iran.
The device used parts and ingredients used by local insurgents after EOD
troops disabled them and reverse-engineered them. In the Afghan-Pakistan
theater of operations, the Xbox would be made from Chinese circuits and
Pakistani parts with the explosives from old Soviet weapons. It was
designed to be indistinguishable from an insurgent-made device.
3. A SEAL accidentally killed a British hostage
British aid worker Linda Norgrove was kidnapped in Afghanistan in
September 2010. U.S. intelligence in Afghanistan found her in a compound
in the country’s dangerous, infamous Korengal valley. SEAL Team 6
dispatched a squadron to rescue her the very next month. As they engaged
insurgents while fast-roping from a Chinook, one of the
SEALs
threw a grenade at what he thought was a fighter in the brush.
That fighter was with Norgrove, who was fatally wounded in the grenade
blast. The U.S. military initially reported a SEAL shot set off a
suicide vest, but only because they didn’t know the other threw the
grenade. They found out what happened when that SEAL told his team
leader.
“To this day, the guy that threw the grenade, he’s a wreck,” a senior
Team 6 operator told Naylor.
4. Delta Force created its own Iraqi intelligence network
They called these Iraqis “mohawks.” They were native Iraqis completely
vetted and had necessary back stories to fill their cover. They provided
Delta Force
with information on buildings and targets of interest which the
operators couldn’t get close to. They conducted Human Intelligence by
talking with their families and friends and recruited other sources of
information. They tracked insurgent activities all over, from Internet
Cafes to the insurgents’ homes.
All this was part of Gen. Stanley McChrystal’s effort to “build a
network to fight a network” in Iraq, the enemy network being al-Qaeda
and other insurgent groups.
5. The search for Saddam Hussein crossed into Syria
JSOC used helicopters to chase a convoy of Iraqi vehicles they watched
cross the border on June 18, 2003. They believed Saddam Hussein was in
the convoy somewhere. Then-Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld
confirmed a week later the attack happened, but in his words, it was
“near the Syrian border.”
Delta operators and Army Rangers from the city of Mosul flew in
helicopters and arrived slightly too late to keep the convoy from
crossing into Syria. Rumsfeld himself cleared their pursuit into the
neighboring country.
6. JSOC used cell phones to monitor, track, and kill insurgents
If insurgents were using their phones, JSOC could track the number and
pinpoint its location, then they would hit the target. They developed a
device that could home in on a specific mobile phone number, even if
that phone was turned off. JSOC figured out how to turn phones on
remotely, using cell phones as listening devices. They could clone an
insurgent’s phone even without having the phone in their possession,
allowing them to send and receive text messages from that phone.
Insurgents caught on to this vulnerability soon. Zarqawi and those
closest to him were not allowed cell phones. One insurgent leader turned
off his mobile, only to turn it on a year later, possibly thinking the
U.S. couldn’t be tracking it after so long. He was incorrect, and got
droned.
7. Delta operators dressed as farmhands to capture al-Qaeda in Iraq’s
second in command
Ghassan Amin was not only al-Qaeda in Iraq’s number two guy and a close
associate of its leader, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, he also controlled an
efficient counterintelligence force, completely controlled the Rawa
region of Iraq, and controlled the flow of international Jihadist into
Iraq, he also owned a farm on the West Bank of the Euphrates river. JSOC
intelligence learned Amin would personally come to his fields to watch
the harvest come in.
Delta operators dressed as Iraqi farmworkers floated down the Euphrates,
“sequestered” the farmhands currently working in the fields, and began
to do the work themselves, even driving tractors, waiting for Ghassan
Amin to appear. When Amin arrived at the farm, he and two of his
lieutenants walked right up to the operators, greeting them in Arabic.
The Deltas took out their weapons and subdued Amin and his men.
8. Admiral McRaven wanted Seal Team 6 to surrender to the Pakistanis if
surrounded
The SEAL team who went on Operation Neptune’s Spear were going to be
more than 120 miles from the nearest U.S. forces. The CIA did clear the
area before the raid and established a safehouse. In many media
accounts, McRaven told the White House to seek a negotiated solution
with the Pakistani government while the SEALs strongpointed the bin
Laden compound, but Naylor writes some Team 6 operators believed McRaven
said they should surrender to the Pakistanis.
President Obama rebuffed that idea, saying,”No, they’re not going to
surrender. They’ll fight their way out and we’ll go in and get them if
we have to.” It never came to that. Pakistani fighter jets scrambled
while SEAL Team 6 made their way back to Afghanistan, but the jets flew
to the east instead of west.
We Are The Mighty is a veteran-led digital publisher and Emmy-award-winning media agency servicing brands with video production, marketing, advertising, and consulting services to engage with the military community. In addition to our digital publisher, we also run the Military Influencer Conference, the largest in-person event servicing our military community. WATM is owned by Recurrent Ventures and is a GSA approved vendor.
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